ブッダの教え
ブッダの教えの中心となる縁起と四法印について簡潔に要約。縁起とは、この世の全ての事象は因縁によって生じ、単独で存在するものはないという考え方である。四法印は諸行無常・諸法無我・一切皆苦・涅槃寂静の4つから成り、ブッダが悟った普遍的真理を表している。
This summary focuses on the central teachings of the Buddha, pratityasamutpada 縁起(dependent origination), and the Four Dharma Seals. Pratityasamutpada is the idea that all phenomena in this world arise due to causes and conditions, and nothing exists independently. The Four Dharma Seals, consisting of impermanence, non-self, suffering, and nirvana, represent the universal truths realized by the Buddha.
ブッダは真理を知識として知るだけでなく実践することの重要性を説き、四諦と八正道を説いた。四諦とは苦・集・滅・道の4つで、苦しみの存在とその原因、苦しみの消滅とそこに至る道を表す。八正道は正見・正思惟・正語・正業・正命・正精進・正念・正定の8つの実践項目からなる。
The Buddha emphasized the importance of not only knowing the truth but also putting it into practice. He taught the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. The Four Noble Truths represent the existence of suffering, its cause, the cessation of suffering, and the path leading to cessation. The Eightfold Path consists of eight practices: right view, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.
苦には生老病死という避けられない根本的な苦の他、愛別離苦・怨憎会苦・求不得苦・五蘊盛苦の四苦八苦がある。これらの苦の原因は煩悩であり、その根源が三毒（貪・瞋・痴）である。苦しみを滅するには、正しい知見を持ち、正しい思考・言動を心がけ、正しい生活を送り、正しい努力を継続し、先入観を排除した正念を保ち、正しい瞑想によって迷いのない境地に至ることが大切とされる。
The Buddha taught that there are four types of suffering (dukkha) in addition to the fundamental sufferings of birth, aging, sickness, and death. These are the suffering of separation from loved ones, the suffering of association with the unpleasant, the suffering of not getting what one wants, and the suffering of the five aggregates. The cause of this suffering is defilements (klesa), which arise from the three poisons: greed, hatred, and delusion. To eliminate suffering, it is important to have right view, strive for right thought and conduct, lead a right livelihood, make continuous right effort, maintain right mindfulness free from preconceptions, and reach a state free from confusion through right meditation.
ブッダの教えは論理的に体系化されており、輪廻を説きつつも、現世の苦しみの解消に重点が置かれている。前世の因果ではなく、現世の縁起と因縁によって苦しみが生じるのであり、それを滅することが大切とされる。この教えはインドで受け入れられ、仏教は大きく広まっていくことになる。
The Buddha's teachings are logically systematized and, while incorporating the concept of rebirth, place emphasis on the elimination of suffering in the present life. Suffering arises not from the karma of past lives but from the dependent origination and causal conditions of the present life, and it is considered important to eliminate these causes. These teachings were accepted in India, leading to the widespread propagation of Buddhism.
