In business, innate factors such as luck, environment, and talent are not as important as one might think. Effort and action are the keys to achieving success. Many people complain about their circumstances without putting in sufficient effort. With proper goal setting and determination, anyone can grasp success. Regardless of disabilities or personal characteristics, it is crucial to find a work style that suits oneself.
(00:00) I believe that everything can be explained with words. In business, luck exists equally for everyone, and whether you can grasp it or not determines if you are fortunate or unfortunate. A probabilistic way of thinking is important.
(01:07) In games with a limited number of attempts, luck can make a difference, but in unlimited games, the amount of effort determines the outcome. It's wrong to think that you are unlucky compared to the person next to you.
(02:10) Even for those who have earned 6 billion yen, it cannot be explained by luck, environment, or talent alone. They may have had excellent parents and a privileged environment, but that alone does not produce results.
(03:17) In 40 years of business, I have overcome countless failures and hardships. That is what has led to my current results. It's not due to innate talent.
(04:25) My current results are not due to innate talent or environment, but the efforts and experience I have accumulated in business. Life is not determined by the first roll of the dice.
(05:32) In YouTube comments, many people believe that talent and environment are important, but YouTube is a business that anyone can start. Talent is not that necessary.
(06:39) To earn 500,000 to 1 million yen per month as a corporation, talent is not needed. It's all about effort. The cultural background in Japan is the only reason why few people reach that level.
(07:49) If you have the brains to pass the Waseda University entrance exam, it's possible to achieve 100 million yen in annual sales as a corporation. Unless you aim for 100 million yen in annual income as an individual, there is no need to talk about innate factors.
(08:55) Luck is the probability of getting what you want. If you increase the number of attempts, you will have more opportunities. Environment and talent only matter if you aim for over 100 million yen in annual sales as a corporation.
(10:05) It's important to understand your own characteristics and find a work style that suits you. You don't need to be confined by diagnoses or the presence of disabilities. Don't be misled by the common sense of Japanese society.
The book "Raising Resolution" teaches us how to increase our chances of success by deeply understanding things. With high resolution, we can focus on the most important points, making it easier to succeed. Resolution has four perspectives: depth, breadth, structure, and time. To enhance each of them, it's crucial to repeat actions and thoughts, read books, visualize what's in our minds, and learn from past examples and trends. In business, it's necessary to thoroughly research customer issues and competitors to find strategies that differentiate us from rivals. However, it's also essential not to spend too much time raising resolution; once it's high enough, we should take action.
People with high resolution have a clear view of things, making their thoughts, words, and actions more specific. Excellent entrepreneurs all have high resolution.
(03:12) 解像度を上げるには、深さ、広さ、構造、時間の4つの視点を高めることが重要だ。
To raise resolution, it's important to enhance four perspectives: depth, breadth, structure, and time.
Depth refers to how deeply and detailedly one grasps a single phenomenon. It's about figuring out what specifically needs to be done to solve a problem.
To make things work well, it's crucial to identify the most important point. High resolution allows one to pinpoint the most effective point and focus all efforts there.
(06:25) 広さは、幅広い知識のことを指す。選択肢の幅を持つことが大切だ。
Breadth refers to having a wide range of knowledge. It's important to have a variety of options.
Structure means verbalizing one's thoughts and summarizing them in an easy-to-understand diagram. Visualizing one's ideas through notes and other means is effective.
To gain depth, it's important to repeat the cycle of acting, thinking, and acting again. Without actually taking action and trying, one can't know if it will work.
After taking action, it's necessary to think about why it didn't work and what should be done. By repeating action and thought many times, the likelihood of identifying the most important point for solving the problem increases.
Deep knowledge and good ideas can only be obtained by persistently repeating action and thought. Spending more than 200 hours increases the chances of arriving at better ideas.
To increase breadth, it's important to read books, listen to others, and be exposed to new information. Reading books can introduce cases where problems were solved in ways one never thought of.
Reading books improves vocabulary. With more vocabulary, one can see the world in finer detail. When exchanging information with people from various industries, it's important to understand their terminology.
To deeply understand things, one should write out what's in one's head on paper and make a diagram. This clarifies what one understands and doesn't understand, deepening comprehension.
To deeply understand things, one should write out what's in one's head on paper and make a diagram. Even Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, wrote down methods for growing Amazon in a memo when he was young.
To enhance the time perspective, it's important to check history and past failures to avoid making the same mistakes. By knowing the failure patterns of predecessors, one can avoid falling into the same traps.
To deeply understand things, it's important to take action and fail, but one shouldn't make irrecoverable, big mistakes. By knowing past failures, such mistakes can be prevented.
It's also important to predict the future. One needs to forecast what changes will occur in one's industry and seek strategies based on the changing times.
In business, it's important to raise the resolution of customer issues and differences from competitors. Rather than solving one's own concerns, it's crucial to solve customers' problems and create differentiation compared to rivals.
It's essential to accurately grasp customer issues and thoroughly understand competitors' products to create differentiation. Looking at customer issues and rivals and creating products is the key to success.
Resolution has four perspectives: depth, breadth, structure, and time. By grasping things through these perspectives, it becomes easier to understand what one lacks.
To raise resolution, it's important to visit the actual site to obtain real information, think, form hypotheses, and take action, read books to broaden one's horizons, diagram one's thoughts, and read the changes of the times.
In business, it's necessary to thoroughly research customer issues and competitors to find strategies that differentiate from rivals. However, it's also essential not to spend too much time raising resolution; once it's high enough, one should take action.
By grasping things from the four perspectives of depth, breadth, structure, and time, it becomes easier to understand what one currently lacks. Just having the awareness to view things from these four perspectives is a big step forward.
In summary, life's goals lie outside of one's daily routine (comfort zone). As long as one stays within their comfort zone, their goals will not be an extension of their current situation. Many people fear change and choose to maintain the status quo, but this becomes the biggest obstacle. To break out of the comfort zone, one must go through four stages (comfort zone, fear zone, learning zone, and growth zone). In the fear zone, it is important to face and overcome one's negative self. In the learning zone, one is required to repeat learning and have their own philosophical views. In the growth zone, learning becomes a habit, and one's sense of purpose becomes clear. Continuously expanding one's comfort zone determines a person's capacity. It is important to have various experiences while young and expand one's comfort zone.
(00:00) 人生のゴールは、いつもの日常（コンフォートゾーン）の外にある。いつも通りの日常を維持し続ける限り、その現状の延長線上にゴールはない。多くの人は、自分が今いるいつも通りの繰り返しの先にゴールがないことを悟っているが、そこから脱出しない理由は「ビビっているだけ」である。 (00:00) Life's goals lie outside of one's daily routine (comfort zone). As long as one maintains their usual daily life, their goals will not be an extension of their current situation. Many people have realized that there are no goals beyond the repetition of their current routine, but the reason they do not break out of it is simply because they are "scared."
(01:03) 人間は、本能的なレベルで変化ではなく現状維持を選ぶ。創造的にいろいろな言い訳を作り出し、挑戦をしない。「大切な家族がいるから仕事は半分程度の力でいい」などと言う人もいるが、これも創造的な言い訳に過ぎない。 (01:03) Humans instinctively choose to maintain the status quo rather than change. They creatively come up with various excuses and do not take on challenges. Some people say, "I have a precious family, so it's okay to only put in half the effort at work," but this is just a creative excuse.
(02:06) 芸能人や歌手が自殺をするのは、コンフォートゾーンの外で戦い続けているからである。小さなことを膨らませ過ぎて、頭打ちになっていく。受験生も同じで、目の前の受験という小さな事象に全力で立ち向かうあまり、ドロップアウトしてしまう。 (02:06) Entertainers and singers commit suicide because they continue to fight outside their comfort zone. They blow small things out of proportion and hit a ceiling. Exam takers are the same; they put all their effort into the small phenomenon of the exam in front of them, and as a result, they drop out.
(03:04) ゴールを設定し、コンフォートゾーンの外で戦う成長は桁外れである。例えば、東大生や京大生のゴールは、日課の積み重ねでは達成できない。そんなゴールを目指す人は、4つの段階（コンフォートゾーン、恐れの領域、学びの領域、成長の領域）を経る。 (03:04) Setting a goal and fighting outside one's comfort zone leads to extraordinary growth. For example, the goals of University of Tokyo and Kyoto University students cannot be achieved by simply accumulating daily tasks. Those who aim for such goals go through four stages (comfort zone, fear zone, learning zone, and growth zone).
(04:04) コンフォートゾーンを脱出するには、まず恐れの領域に行き、不安と恐怖と戦いながら方法を模索する。次に学びの領域で学習を繰り返し、成長の領域に達する。恐れの領域では、否定的な自分を乗り越えることが重要。 (04:04) To break out of the comfort zone, one must first go to the fear zone and search for methods while battling anxiety and fear. Next, they repeat learning in the learning zone and reach the growth zone. In the fear zone, it is important to overcome one's negative self.
(05:07) 学びの領域では、学習を繰り返すことで、ある程度の結果を出せるが、その先がない。学習を継続しなければ、恐れの領域と行ったり来たりすることになる。この領域から脱出するには、学習を繰り返し、自分なりの哲学的見解を持つことが求められる。 (05:07) In the learning zone, one can achieve some results by repeating learning, but there is nothing beyond that. If one does not continue learning, they will go back and forth between the fear zone and the learning zone. To escape from this zone, one is required to repeat learning and have their own philosophical views.
(06:09) 成長の領域では、学習が習慣となり、学習努力が当たり前になる。また、哲学的考えも成熟し、目的意識が明確になる。この領域では、恐ろしいスピードで専門的な立場へ向かっていく。 (06:09) In the growth zone, learning becomes a habit, and learning effort becomes a matter of course. Also, philosophical thinking matures, and one's sense of purpose becomes clear. In this zone, one heads towards a professional position at a terrifying speed.
(07:11) 学習の領域では、大きめのノートを使い、人生レベルで重要な点を書き込むことが大切。何度も恐れの領域と行ったり来たりしながら、物事の理解を深めていく。成長の領域では、学習によってもたらされた気づきが止まらなくなる。 (07:11) In the learning zone, it is important to use a larger notebook and write down points that are important at a life level. One deepens their understanding of things while going back and forth between the fear zone and the learning zone many times. In the growth zone, the realizations brought about by learning never stop.
(08:15) コンフォートゾーンを広げるという行為は、その人の器を決定づける。若いうちに様々な経験をし、コンフォートゾーンを広げることが大切。コンフォートゾーンの外で戦い続けた人間は、常に人には理解しがたい資産を築く。やりたいことを今やってみるしかない。 (08:15) The act of expanding one's comfort zone determines a person's capacity. It is important to have various experiences while young and expand one's comfort zone. Those who continue to fight outside their comfort zone always build assets that are hard for others to understand. There is nothing to do but try what you want to do now.
In summary, the VAK theory classifies learners' learning styles based on three senses: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic, but it is one of the urban legends of learning. However, in reality, effective learning methods vary depending on the learning content and individual language abilities. Research shows that regardless of one's perceived type, the most effective learning method is to combine visual and verbal information. In learning, not only the input method but also regular review (retrieval practice) to retain memory is important, but the cycle varies depending on the learning content.
(00:01) VAK理論は、学習の都市伝説として有名である。都市伝説とは、みんなが真実だと思っていて、誰も正解を知らないようなものを指す。学習の都市伝説の中でも、VAK理論は最も有名で、効果が上がらないのに多くの人が実践している。 (00:01) The VAK theory is famous as an urban legend of learning. Urban legends refer to things that everyone believes to be true, but no one knows the correct answer. Among the urban legends of learning, the VAK theory is the most famous, and many people practice it even though it is not effective.
(01:05) 学習法の書籍などでVAK理論が効果的だと書かれていても、それを真に受けてはいけない。なぜなら、その人の学習効果には、ベースの学力や学習習慣、学習スタイルなど、様々な条件が絡んでいるからだ。 (01:05) Even if books on learning methods state that the VAK theory is effective, one should not take it at face value. This is because various conditions, such as the person's base academic ability, study habits, and learning style, are involved in their learning effectiveness.
(02:10) VAK理論では、視覚情報の入力(Visual)、聴覚的な情報の入力(Auditory)、体感覚的な情報入力(Kinesthetic)の3つに分類されるが、勘違いされやすい。例えば、単語カードにイラストを描くことはビジュアルだが、単に言葉を書くことはオーディトリーである。 (02:10) In the VAK theory, information input is classified into three categories: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic, but this is often misunderstood. For example, drawing illustrations on word cards is visual, but simply writing words is auditory.
(03:15) VAK理論では、情報入力として何が心地よいか、何がわかりやすいと感じるかということだが、これは曖昧である。例えば、物理学をビジュアルを抜きにしてオーディトリーだけで勉強することは無理であり、国語の勉強はオーディトリーである。 (03:15) In the VAK theory, it is about what feels comfortable and what feels easy to understand as information input, but this is ambiguous. For example, it is impossible to study physics only through auditory without visuals, and studying Japanese language is auditory.
(04:20) 学習効果に最も大きく影響を与えているのは、言語能力である。YouTubeで学ぶ方が効果的だと感じる人は、読解力が低い可能性がある。専門書に書かれていることをYouTubeで語ると、情報量が大幅に減ってしまう。 (04:20) What has the greatest impact on learning effectiveness is language ability. Those who feel that learning through YouTube is more effective may have lower reading comprehension skills. If one were to talk about what is written in a specialized book on YouTube, the amount of information would be significantly reduced.
(05:24) VAK理論を語っている指導者は、適当な人かもしれない。発達障害などで、文字では読めないが耳から入った情報を的確に処理できる方もいる。VAK理論は、学習スタイルや得意分野など、様々なものが絡み合っているのに、単純に分けようとするところが問題である。 (05:24) Instructors who talk about the VAK theory may be irresponsible. There are also people with developmental disabilities who cannot read characters but can accurately process information heard through their ears. The problem with the VAK theory is that it tries to simplify things even though various factors such as learning styles and strengths are intertwined.
(06:27) VAK理論では、入力方法だけに意識が向けられているが、実は学習の方法としては、どういうタイミングでどのように組み合わせるかの方が重要である。メディアの問題もあるので、VAK理論はほとんど気にしなくていい。 (06:27) In the VAK theory, attention is only focused on the input method, but in reality, as a learning method, it is more important to consider the timing and combination of methods. There are also issues with media, so one does not need to pay much attention to the VAK theory.
(07:30) 学習法の研究によると、自分はビジュアルタイプだと思っている人も、オーディトリータイプだと思っている人も、実際にはビジュアライズされた教材を使った方が学習効果が高い。特に、ビジュアルと言語情報を組み合わせるのが最も効果的である。 (07:30) According to research on learning methods, regardless of whether one thinks they are a visual type or an auditory type, using visualized teaching materials actually results in higher learning effectiveness. In particular, combining visual and verbal information is the most effective.
(08:34) VAK理論を信じるのではなく、あらゆるものをビジュアルで示し、言葉による説明と組み合わせたノート作りや勉強を意識することが重要である。また、記憶に残すためには、定期的に思い出す練習(リトリーバルプラクティス)が必要だが、その周期は学習内容によって異なる。 (08:34) Instead of believing in the VAK theory, it is important to be conscious of creating notes and studying that combine visuals and verbal explanations for everything. Also, to retain memory, regular practice of recalling (retrieval practice) is necessary, but the cycle varies depending on the learning content.
(09:38) 英語を勉強する時と、日本史を勉強する時では、復習のタイミングが全く違う。忘れやすいことをどのようなタイミングで復習するかは、別の機会で話したい。 (09:38) The timing of review is completely different when studying English compared to studying Japanese history. I would like to discuss on another occasion about the timing of reviewing things that are easily forgotten.
(10:42) 今回の話は、VAK理論を乗り越えて、言語情報とビジュアル(イラスト)を使って効果的な学習をしようというものだった。 (10:42) The topic of this episode was about overcoming the VAK theory and engaging in effective learning using verbal information and visuals (illustrations).
In this lecture, the speaker discusses the skills and abilities necessary in the AI era, how to maximize learning effectiveness, and the importance of thinking big and starting small. It is crucial to develop problem-solving skills, thinking skills, and language skills. Studying multiple subjects simultaneously and summarizing in one's own words enhance learning effectiveness. Utilizing Udemy, starting small, and maintaining consistency are essential.
(00:00) 2月15日、ChatGPTを開発したOpenAIは動画生成AIの新技術「Sora」を公開した。Soraの名前の由来は日本語で「空」を意味し、OpenAIがこのAIビデオモデルに対して持っている期待を象徴している。 (00:00) On February 15th, OpenAI, the developer of ChatGPT, released a new video generation AI technology called "Sora." The name "Sora" means "sky" in Japanese, symbolizing OpenAI's expectations for this AI video model.
(01:04) Soraは入力されたテキストから物語を考え、その物語を物理法則に当てはめて表現できることが画期的だという。AIでも驚くような技術進化が続き、文化が変わっていこうとしているこの時代に適用していくためには、どんな知識やスキルを身につけたらいいのか解説する。 (01:04) It is groundbreaking that Sora can create a story from input text and express that story in accordance with physical laws. The speaker explains what knowledge and skills one should acquire to adapt to this era where AI technology continues to evolve at an astonishing pace, and culture is about to change.
(02:11) 世界経済フォーラムが公表した「仕事の未来レポート2023」によると、今後5年間で約1/4の仕事が新しい仕事に変わり、2027年までに約6900万人分の雇用が喪失される一方で、8300万人分の雇用が創出されると予想されている。 (02:11) According to the "Future of Jobs Report 2023" published by the World Economic Forum, approximately 1/4 of jobs will change to new jobs in the next five years. While about 69 million jobs are expected to be lost by 2027, 83 million new jobs are anticipated to be created.
(03:17) 分析的思考を身につけるために、問題解決力、思考力、言語化力を学ぶと良い。問題解決力は、データ分析を仕事にしていると求められる力とほぼ同じ。思考力としては、ラテラルシンキングとクリティカルシンキングが重要。言語化力は、思っていることや感じていることを明確かつ正確に言葉にできる力のこと。 (03:17) To develop analytical thinking, it is good to learn problem-solving skills, thinking skills, and language skills. Problem-solving skills are almost the same as those required when working in data analysis. Lateral thinking and critical thinking are important thinking skills. Language skills refer to the ability to clearly and accurately express one's thoughts and feelings in words.
(04:21) データ分析はより良い意思決定をするために行うもので、ある程度の課題や仮説を持ってきてもらわないと分析者としては困ってしまう。問題解決力は、AIを使いこなす上でも非常に重要なスキル。 (04:21) Data analysis is conducted to make better decisions, and analysts will have difficulty if they are not provided with some level of issues or hypotheses. Problem-solving skills are also crucial for utilizing AI effectively.
(05:26) AIは私たちに代わって計算やデータ分析を行うが、その結果をどう解釈し活用するかは私たちの思考力にかかっている。言語化力は、思っていることや感じていることを明確かつ正確に言葉にできる力のこと。言語化はAIに対して正確な指示を出す上で欠かせないスキル。 (05:26) AI performs calculations and data analysis on our behalf, but it depends on our thinking skills how we interpret and utilize the results. Language skills refer to the ability to clearly and accurately express one's thoughts and feelings in words. Language skills are essential for giving accurate instructions to AI.
(06:29) 学習効果を最大化するには、複数の科目を同時に学ぶこと、自分の言葉でまとめることが有効。異なる分野の学びが互いにフィードバックし合い、相乗効果を生み出す。自分の言葉でまとめることで、単なる記憶から理解へと学びが深まる。 (06:29) To maximize learning effectiveness, it is effective to study multiple subjects simultaneously and summarize in one's own words. Learning in different fields provides mutual feedback and creates synergistic effects. Summarizing in one's own words deepens learning from mere memorization to understanding.
(07:34) 始めたことを続けることが大事。途中で勉強をやめてしまった経験はないだろうか。次のトピックでは、続けるためのコツについて伝える。 (07:34) It is important to continue what one has started. Has one ever experienced quitting studying midway? The next topic will provide tips on how to keep going.
(08:38) 新しく何かを始めるときに大事にしていることは、小さく始めること。Googleのイノベーションの秘訣として語られている言葉で、"Think Big, Start Small"という言葉がある。勉強を小さく試すことで、自分の向き不向きや先生との相性を試すことができる。 (08:38) When starting something new, it is important to start small. There is a phrase that is said to be the secret to Google's innovation: "Think Big, Start Small." By trying studying on a small scale, one can test one's aptitude and compatibility with the teacher.
(09:43) 動画学習なら、YouTubeとUdemyのプラットフォームの違いを知って使い分けるとよい。Udemyは初心者向けはもちろん、より専門的な内容を学びたい人向けに大学で学ぶようなレベルの講座も用意されていて、体系的にしっかり学びたい人におすすめ。 (09:43) For video-based learning, it is good to understand the differences between YouTube and Udemy platforms and use them accordingly. Udemy offers courses not only for beginners but also for those who want to learn more specialized content at a university level, recommended for those who want to learn systematically.
(10:46) 問題解決のプロセスを初心者でも分かりやすく簡単な言葉で解説している講座がおすすめ。1つ1つの動画が短く区切られているのも、動画学習が初めての人や学習を習慣化したい人が少しずつ取り組むのに良い。 (10:46) A course that explains the problem-solving process in easy-to-understand terms for beginners is recommended. The fact that each video is divided into short segments is also good for those who are new to video-based learning or want to make learning a habit, as they can tackle it little by little.
(11:52) 思考力のおすすめ講座は、クリティカルシンキングについて学べる講座。クリティカルシンキングは、偏見や思い込みに捉われずに判断ができるスキル。認知の歪み（認知バイアス）についても取り扱っている。 (11:52) The recommended course for thinking skills is one where you can learn about critical thinking. Critical thinking is the skill of making judgments without being bound by prejudices or preconceptions. It also deals with cognitive biases.
(12:56) 言語化のおすすめ講座は、相手に理解可能なアウトプットをすること、つまり相手に分かるように話したり書いたりすることが言語習得を促進するという「第2言語習得におけるアウトプット仮説」を体現したような講座。 (12:56) The recommended course for language skills embodies the "Output Hypothesis in Second Language Acquisition," which states that making comprehensible output to others, that is, speaking or writing in a way that others can understand, promotes language acquisition.
(14:01) Udemyでは、講座を視聴しながら直接メモを取ることができ、学んだ内容をすぐに自分の言葉でまとめて理解を深めることが可能。学習のアウトプット機能が充実しているのがUdemyの特徴。 (14:01) On Udemy, you can take notes directly while watching a course, allowing you to immediately summarize what you have learned in your own words and deepen your understanding. One of the features of Udemy is its enhanced learning output functions.
Life's anxieties and worries can be resolved by taking action, not by thinking. The future is full of uncertainties, so the more you think about it, the more anxious you become. When you are worried, you need to write down the problems that are juggling in your head and solve them one by one. Life often doesn't go as planned, but it's a simple matter of choosing whether or not to do something. Anxiety about working in society stems from thinking of work as something special, but in reality, work is an extension of a game, and it's just a matter of choosing whether or not to do it.
(00:00) Anxiety about the future can be resolved in 30 minutes by taking action, not by thinking. When you are worried, you need to write down the problems that are juggling in your head and solve them one by one. Anxiety arises from uncertain elements, so the more you think about the future, the more anxious you become.
(01:00) One should stop worrying and switch to thinking. Human emotions have triggers, and anxiety is triggered by uncertain elements. The future is full of uncertain elements, so thinking about the future naturally makes one anxious.
(02:04) A second-year university student who is worried about lacking ability and confidence to work in society will surely be able to play an active role in society in a few years. Life often doesn't go as planned, and unexpected things happen one after another.
(03:07) Life is full of uncertainties, and regardless of goals, talents, or motivation, it is a simple matter of choosing whether or not to do something. The more you think about it, the more you realize that what you actually do in life is simple.
(04:07) Anxiety about working in society stems from thinking of work as something special, but in reality, work is an extension of a game, and it's just a matter of choosing whether or not to do it. The worries in one's head are completely different from reality.
(05:11) Life is a simple matter of choosing whether or not to do something. You haven't done anything difficult, and you will continue to make the simple choice of whether or not to do something.
This lecture discusses the theory of "The Gift" by the 20th-century sociologist Marcel Mauss. Mauss believed that human relationships are built and maintained through the exchange of gifts. Gift-giving not only has material value but also carries spiritual and psychological significance. When people receive a gift, they feel compelled to reciprocate, which deepens the relationship and creates a support system for times of need. Although gift-giving culture has declined in modern society, leading to weaker human connections, understanding and utilizing the power of gifts can help build strong relationships.
(00:00) In modern society, human relationships have become shallow. Mauss believed that trust and relationships are built through gift-giving.
(01:07) While gift-giving may seem bothersome, the decline in gift culture has led to weaker human connections. Gifts have spiritual and psychological value.
(02:11) Gift-giving is fundamental to human relationships and a means to build trust. Gifts include not only objects but also actions.
(03:16) Marcel Mauss's background and the social context of his time.
(04:23) Mauss studied various ethnic groups worldwide and realized that gift-giving creates societies and builds relationships.
(05:30) In Native American societies, gift-giving battles maintained peace between tribes.
(06:35) In Maori culture, the spirit "Hau" inhabiting gifts circulated wealth and built community relationships.
(07:40) Gift-giving has been an essential means of building relationships among ethnic groups worldwide.
(08:44) Gift-giving is more effective than verbal communication in capturing people's hearts. An example of building relationships with neighbors.
(09:51) Examples of building relationships through gift-giving, such as exchanging summer gifts between companies.
(10:56) The effectiveness of gift-giving in running a restaurant and courting the opposite sex.
(12:02) Gift-giving demonstrates one's value. Relationships are maintained by reciprocating gifts.
(13:06) The example of wedding gift money. Gift-giving builds trust.
(14:12) In today's world, where gift culture has declined, gift-giving is even more effective. Cut ties with those who don't reciprocate.
(15:18) Through gift-giving, one can increase the number of trustworthy people around them. In this world, those who give more gifts win.
